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The site is of particular interest for Upper Pleistocene studies because of the morphological traces left by various Tyrrhenian sea levels referable to isotopic stage 5e (Fig. The internal area of the cave was moulded by karst action, as happened also in the Elena Cave. A zone close to the entrance was derived from marine erosion, indicated by its shape and present deposit materials. Morphological evidence of the area shows that the cave underwent a double genesis. Therefore, a fi rst chamber, now constituted only by some parts of the vault felt down into the sea and by some underwater stretches of the rock walls, was divided from a second more internal and well-protected space (the scarpata centrale ), by a narrowing (the present entrance today) and a short corridor. In ancient times the cave was probably longer and well articulated, given the evidence of another chamber, now collapsed, in front of the entrance. The internal orientation and layout is on the NW-SE line, and the present large entrance is on a side of the axis. The scarpata centrale is the Fossellone main hall, developing to the N in four caverns (A e D).
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1) is aligned with the inner Elena Cave that was closed off from the whole area by karst material deposition and is considered to be an almost sterile site. The Fossellone Cave (Vitagliano, 2007, Fig. Not many have been recently explored systematically and published (Guattari Cave, Capre Cave, Breuil Cave, Fossellone Cave and Blanc Shelter Taschini, 1979 Ruffo and Zarattini, 1990 e 91 Grimaldi and Spinapolice, in press Kuhn, 1995 Vitagliano, 2007 Taschini, 1968). The Fossellone Cave belongs to this latter group of caves (Blanc, 1954). Capre Cave, Anna Cave, Acquario Cave, Presepio Cave, Cervide Cave, Stefanini Cave, Torre Fico Cave and Blanc Shelter Blanc, 1939a) and human fossils (Breuil Cave, Guattari Cave Manzi and Passarello, 1989 Blanc, 1939b). Many of the caves have residue of deposits with Pleistocene fauna, and others have lithic industry (e.g. Together with 38 further caves discovered and/or explored by Blanc between 19, it forms an integrated group of evidence on the prehistoric period in this area. The Fossellone Cave opens in the limestone of the Middle Lias of the Quarto Caldo front in the Circeo Headland (Southern Latium, Italy), in the National Park of the same name.
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Today, the cave is almost empty, with few residual portions kept intact. This work was carried out in preparation of a in situ campaign for the sampling and checking of the deposit. new start of the work at Fossellone Cave occurred in 1989 with a systematic study of the archaeological and paleontological collections (Alhaique et al., 1995, 1996 Bartolini et al., 1995 Vitagliano, 1996 e 97 2007 Vitagliano and Piperno, 1990 e 91) and was further extended to sediments, charcoal, and other aspects related to the documentation of the internal micro-environment of the site, and to the analysis of the economy of the ancient human settlement in the course of time.